Japan
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Kappa
The Kappa is a water-dwelling yokai from Japanese myth. Its name can be translated as “river child.” Sometimes, the Kappa are revered as a form of water gods. They are often depicted with scaly skin that is red, green, or blue. Their faces consist of bulging eyes and turtle beaks. Commonly they have a bowl-like dip in the top of their skull meant to hold water. They’re amphibious or reptilian and move effectively in water, but are clumsy on land. They have webbed hands and feet that lack thumbs, and a turtle shell on their backs. Oddly they have an elastic-like waterproof skin that smells like fish and can be…
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Jorōgumo
The Jorōgumo is a form of yokai from Japan. They appear as beautiful women to lure in men, and when they approach they turn into monstrous spiders and consume their prey. They can be found in forests and cities. Some believed they were created by the gods to punish evildoers by turning them into immortal monsters. It was believed only someone wise and courageous could defeat a Jorōgumo. They represent transformation, rebirth, female strength, seduction, and beauty. There are stories of Jorogumo falling in love and abandoning their evil ways. A notable example is a story where a woodcutter saw a beautiful woman by a lake others knew to be…
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Akusara
Akusara is a supernatural figure from Japanese urban legends, similar to Kuchisake-Onna or Hasshaku-Sama. Her origin is unknown, but she’s known to appear before men she likes. She is described as standing over two meters tall, with long hair, wearing a red coat and a broad-brimmed red hat. Her left arm is covered in scars, she has no eyes, and her mouth is a grin seemingly cut from ear to ear. She commonly peeks over fences, and those who see her often face a death curse. Citations: Devlin, Tara a. Kowabana: ‘True’ Japanese Scary Stories from Around the Internet: Volume One. N.p., Independently Published, 2019.
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Obake/Bakemono
The Obake is a ghostly form of yokai from Japan. Their name means “changed thing,” and they have many evil powers.They can change visibility and solidity at will. They may utilize deception, and while they are not always evil, female Obake are considered more evil. Female Obake may use seduction to enhance terror. Most Obake are humans who transform after death into physical manifestations of their nature in life and sometimes eat flesh. Citations: Bane, Theresa. Encyclopedia of Spirits and Ghosts in World Mythology. United States, McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers, 2016.
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Hōsōgami
The Hosōgami is a form of Yokai or Kami from Japanese myth. He was considered the god of smallpox and he was offered food in exchange for protection. The color red was often used to ward off Hosōgami, so patients were given red caps, socks, and sheets. People would also consume a dish called Sekihan made from red beans and rice. Rituals involving the Hosōgami would involve Gohei staff decorated with red strips of paper and some districts made straw dolls with sekihan balls and Waraji straw sandals and put them into the road, to give the Hosōgami an easy trip home. Small coins may be added to make the…
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Yurei
The Yurei is a ghost from Japanese folklore. They are created when a person dies unexpectedly or is murdered or commits suicide. They return from death to enact revenge. They are often seen wearing white kimonos and headbands. This is due to the color white representing mourning. They also often have wild hair, solid upper bodies, fading lower bodies, and feet that are not visible. Citations: Maberry, Jonathan. Vampire Universe: The Dark World of Supernatural Beings That Haunt Us, Hunt Us, and Hunger for Us. United States, Kensington Publishing Corporation, 2006.
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White Tiger/Baihu/Byakko/Chien Ping
The White Tiger is a creature that was initially a Chinese symbol and was later adapted into Japanese myth. It is one of the Shijin along with the Vermillion Bird, Azure Dragon, and the Black Tortoise. It is connected with the West, the color white, metal and Autumn. It was thought to represent warmth, clarity, and calm and was also often connected to the Sanyo-Do/San-In-Do Trunk Road. It is often depicted as a white tiger fringed with gold, and sometimes is even depicted with serpentine features. It has the associated mansions (these being associated with the phases of the moon) Tokaki-Boshi, Tatara-Boshi, Ekie-Boshi, Subaru-Boshi, Amefuri-Boshi, Toroki-Boshi, Karasuki-Boshi. These mansions lie…
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Vermillion Bird/Zhūquè/Suzaku/Meng Chang Phoenix/Su-Zaku/Ling Kuang
The Vermillion Bird is a creature that was initially a Chinese symbol and was later adapted into Japanese myth. It is one of the Shijin along with the White Tiger, Azure Dragon, and the Black Tortoise. It’s associated with the South, the color red, fire, and summer. It was thought to represent heat, passion, and love, and was also often connected to the Ogura-No-Ike pond. It resembles a large bird with big wings and a long tail, covered in bright red and orange feathers, and these features typically lead to this creature being related to, and confused with, the Phoenix. It has the associated mansions (these being associated with the…
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Umibozu
The Umibozu is a Japanese Yōkai whose true form is unknown. They appear human in shape with inky black skin, large round eyes and bald heads. They are only seen from the shoulders up probably because they are just that big. They are easily the size of a ship if not much larger. They appear on calm nights and cause bad weather and rocky seas to pop up suddenly and without warning. Some say they are somewhat ghostly. They are sometimes believed to be the souls of drowned priests that were thrown overboard. It was thought they would demand a barrel so they could scoop water into a ship to…
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Tsutsuga
The Tsutsuga are a form of shapeshifting Yokai from Japan. They are capable of taking the form of bugs, birds, vermin, will o wisps, fog, or recognizable religious figures. They sneak into houses at night to infect humans with various diseases and feed on the misery of those it makes sick. Many victims of the Tsutsuga become miserable enough in their sickness to commit suicide, which also feeds the Tsutsuga. The Kara-Mon gate has a bronze statue of one. Citations: La Boda, Sharon. International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. United Kingdom, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1994. Guides, Insight. Insight Guides Japan (Travel Guide EBook). United Kingdom, Apa Publications, 2018. Maberry,…
